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1. Measures for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of marine biological resources may include, inter alia, the following:

(a) multiannual plans under Articles 9 and 10;

(b) targets for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of stocks and related measures to minimise the impact of fishing on the marine environment;

(c) measures to adapt the fishing capacity of fishing vessels to available fishing opportunities;

(d) incentives, including those of an economic nature, such as fishing opportunities, to promote fishing methods that contribute to more selective fishing, to the avoidance and reduction, as far as possible, of unwanted catches, and to fishing with low impact on the marine ecosystem and fishery resources;

(e) measures on the fixing and allocation of fishing opportunities;

(f) measures to achieve the objectives of Article 15;

(g) minimum conservation reference sizes;

(h) pilot projects on alternative types of fishing management techniques and on gears that increase selectivity or that minimise the negative impact of fishing activities on the marine environment;

(i) measures necessary for compliance with obligations under Union environmental legislation adopted pursuant to Article 11;

(j) technical measures as referred to in paragraph 2.

2. Technical measures may include, inter alia, the following:

(a) characteristics of fishing gears and rules concerning their use;

(b) specifications on the construction of fishing gear, including:

(i) modifications or additional devices to improve selectivity or to minimise the negative impact on the ecosystem;

(ii) modifications or additional devices to reduce the incidental capture of endangered, threatened and protected species, as well as to reduce other unwanted catches;

(c) limitations or prohibitions on the use of certain fishing gears, and on fishing activities, in certain areas or periods;

(d) requirements for fishing vessels to cease operating in a defined area for a defined minimum period in order to protect temporary aggregations of endangered species, spawning fish, fish below minimum conservation reference size, and other vulnerable marine resources;

(e) specific measures to minimise the negative impact of fishing activities on marine biodiversity and marine ecosystems, including measures to avoid and reduce, as far as possible, unwanted catches.