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1. Coordinated action may consist of:

(a) diplomatic representation to the third countries concerned, in particular where their actions threaten to restrict access to trade;

(b) counter-measures directed at the shipping company or companies of the third countries concerned or at the shipping company or companies of other countries which benefit from the action taken by the countries concerned, whether operating as a hometrader or as a cross-trader in Community trades. Those countermeasures may consist, separately or in combination, of:

(i) the imposition of an obligation to obtain a permit to load, carry or discharge cargoes; such a permit may be subject to conditions or obligations;

(ii) the imposition of a quota;

(iii) the imposition of taxes or duties.

2. Diplomatic representations shall be made before countermeasures are taken. Such countermeasures shall be without prejudice to the obligations of the European Community and its Member States under international law, shall take into consideration all the interests concerned and shall neither directly nor indirectly lead to deflection of trade within the Community.