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List of specific actions referred to in Article 16 1. Establishment and development in the Union of transit and processing centres for refugees, in particular to support resettlement operations in cooperation with the UNHCR.

2. New approaches, in cooperation with the UNHCR, concerning access to asylum procedures targeting main countries of transit, such as protection programmes for particular groups or certain procedures for examination of applications for asylum.

3. Joint initiatives amongst Member States in the field of integration, such as benchmarking exercises, peer reviews or testing of European modules, for example on the acquisition of language skills or the organisation of introductory programmes and with the aim of improving the coordination of policies between Member States, regions and local authorities.

4. Joint initiatives aimed at the identification and implementation of new approaches concerning the procedures at first encounter and standards of protection of and assistance for unaccompanied minors.

5. Joint return operations, including joint actions on the implementation of Union readmission agreements.

6. Joint reintegration projects in the countries of origin with a view to sustainable return, as well as joint actions to strengthen third countries’ capacities to implement Union readmission agreements.

7. Joint initiatives aimed at restoring family unity and reintegration of unaccompanied minors in their countries of origin.

8. Joint initiatives among Member States in the field of legal migration, including the setting up of joint migration centres in third countries, as well as joint projects to promote cooperation between Member States with a view to encouraging the use of exclusively legal migration channels and informing about the risks of illegal immigration.

9. In Member States facing high or disproportionate migratory pressure, or both, the establishment, development and operation of adequate reception and accommodation and detention facilities, and respective services, for applicants for international protection or third-country nationals who are present in a Member State and do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry or stay, or both, as well as housing support for beneficiaries of international protection.