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1. An incident shall be considered to be significant if:

(a) it has caused or is capable of causing severe operational disruption to the functioning of, or financial loss to, the Union entity concerned;

(b) it has affected or is capable of affecting other natural or legal persons by causing considerable material or non-material damage.

2. Union entities shall submit to CERT-EU:

(a) without undue delay and in any event within 24 hours of becoming aware of the significant incident, an early warning, which, where applicable, shall indicate that the significant incident is suspected of being caused by unlawful or malicious acts or could have a cross-entity or a cross-border impact;

(b) without undue delay and in any event within 72 hours of becoming aware of the significant incident, an incident notification, which, where applicable, shall update the information referred to in point (a) and indicate an initial assessment of the significant incident, including its severity and impact, as well as, where available, the indicators of compromise;

(c) upon the request of CERT-EU, an intermediate report on relevant status updates;

(d) a final report not later than one month after the submission of the incident notification under point (b), including the following:

(i) a detailed description of the incident, including its severity and impact;

(ii) the type of threat or root cause that is likely to have triggered the incident;

(iii) applied and ongoing mitigation measures;

(iv) where applicable, the cross-border or cross-entity impact of the incident;

(e) in the event of an ongoing incident at the time of the submission of the final report referred to in point (d), a progress report at that time and a final report within one month of their handling of the incident.

3. A Union entity shall, without undue delay and in any event within 24 hours of becoming aware of a significant incident, inform any relevant Member State counterparts referred to in Article 17(1) in the Member State where it is located that a significant incident has occurred.

4. The Union entities shall notify, inter alia, any information enabling CERT-EU to determine any cross-entity impact, impact on the hosting Member State or cross-border impact following a significant incident. Without prejudice to Article 12, the mere act of notification shall not subject the Union entity to increased liability.

5. Where applicable, Union entities shall communicate, without undue delay, to the users of the network and information systems affected, or of other components of the ICT environment, that are potentially affected by a significant incident or a significant cyber threat, and, where appropriate, need to take mitigating measures, any measures or remedies that they can take in response to that incident or that threat. Where appropriate, Union entities shall inform those users of the significant cyber threat itself.

6. Where a significant incident or significant cyber threat affects a network and information system, or a component of a Union entity’s ICT environment that is knowingly connected with another Union entity’s ICT environment, CERT-EU shall issue a relevant cybersecurity alert.

7. The Union entities, upon the request of CERT-EU, shall, without undue delay, provide CERT-EU with digital information created by the use of electronic devices involved in their respective incidents. CERT-EU may provide further details of the types of information that it requires for situational awareness and incident response.

8. CERT-EU shall submit to the IICB, ENISA, the EU INTCEN and the CSIRTs network, every three months, a summary report including anonymised and aggregated data on significant incidents, incidents, cyber threats, near misses and vulnerabilities pursuant to Article 20 and significant incidents notified pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article. The summary report shall constitute an input to the biennial report on the state of cybersecurity in the Union adopted pursuant to Article 18 of Directive (EU) 2022/2555.

9. By 8 July 2024, the IICB shall issue guidelines or recommendations further specifying the arrangements for, and format and content of, the reporting pursuant to this Article. When preparing such guidelines or recommendations, the IICB shall take into account any implementing acts adopted pursuant to Article 23(11) of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 specifying the type of information, the format and the procedure of notifications. CERT-EU shall disseminate the appropriate technical details to enable proactive detection, incident response or mitigating measures by Union entities.

10. The reporting obligations laid down in this Article shall not extend to:

(a) EUCI;

(b) information the further distribution of which has been excluded by means of a visible marking, unless the sharing thereof with CERT-EU has been explicitly allowed.