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For the purpose of this Regulation:

(a) ‘operator’ means a natural person residing in a Member State or a legal person established in a Member State using one or more aircraft in accordance with the regulations applicable in that Member State, or a Community air carrier as defined in Community legislation;

(b) ‘product’ means a civil aircraft, engine, propeller or appliance;

(c) ‘appliance’ means any instrument, equipment, mechanism, apparatus or accessory used or intended to be used in operating an aircraft in flight, whether installed in, intended to be installed in, or attached to, a civil aircraft, but not forming part of an airframe, engine or propeller;

(d) ‘component’ means a material, part or sub-assembly not covered by the definitions in (b) or (c) for use on civil aircraft, engines, propellers or appliances;

(e) ‘certification’ (of a product, service, organization or person) means any form of legal recognition that such a product, service, body or person complies with the applicable requirements. Such certification comprises two acts:

(i) the act of checking that technically the product, service, organization or person complies with the applicable requirements; this act is referred to as ‘making the technical findings’;

(ii) the act of formal recognition of such compliance with the applicable requirements by the issue of a certificate, licence, approval or other document in the manner required by national laws and procedures; this act is referred to as ‘making the legal findings’;

(f) ‘maintenance’ means all inspections, servicing, modification and repair throughout the life of an aircraft needed to ensure that the aircraft remains in compliance with the type certification and offers a high level of safety in all circumstances; this shall include in particular modifications imposed by the authorities party to the arrangements referred to in (h) in accordance with airworthiness checking concepts;

(g) ‘national variant’ means a national requirement or regulation imposed by a country in addition to or instead of a JAR;

(h) ‘arrangements’ means arrangements developed under the auspices of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) for cooperation in the development and implementation of joint requirements in all fields relating to the safety and safe operation of aircraft. These arrangements are specified in Annex I;

(i) ‘the Authority’ in Annex III means the competent authority that has granted the air operator's certificate (AOC).