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1. Form The form chosen shall be such as to make sure that the applicant has the required knowledge of the subjects listed on points 2, 3 and 4. Any applicant for a licence in one category who has passed a theory test for a licence in a different category may be exempt from the common provisions of points 2, 3 and 4.

2. Content of the theory test concerning all vehicle categories 2.1. Questions must be asked on each of the points listed below, the content and form of the questions being left to the discretion of each Member State: 2.1.1. Road traffic regulations:

— in particular as regards road signs, markings and signals, rights of way and speed limits;

2.1.2. The driver:

— importance of alertness and of attitude to other road users,

— perception, judgement and decision-taking, especially reaction time, as well as changes in driving behaviour due to the influence of alcohol, drugs and medicinal products, state of mind and fatigue; 2.1.3. The road:

— the most important principles concerning the observance of a safe distance between vehicles, braking distances and road holding under various weather and road conditions,

— driving risk factors related to various road conditions, in particular as they change with the weather and the time of day or night,

— characteristics of various types of road and the related statutory requirements,

— safe driving in road tunnels; 2.1.4. Other road users:

— specific risk factors related to the lack of experience of other road users and the most vulnerable categories of users such as children, pedestrians, cyclists and people whose mobility is reduced,

— risks involved in the movement and driving of various types of vehicles and of the different fields of view of their drivers;

2.1.5. General rules and regulations and other matters:

— rules concerning the administrative documents required for the use of vehicles,

— general rules specifying how the driver must behave in the event of an accident (setting warning devices and raising the alarm) and the measures which he can take to assist road accident victims where necessary,

— safety factors relating to the vehicle, the load and persons carried; 2.1.6. Precautions necessary when alighting from the vehicle; 2.1.7. Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety; applicants must be able to detect the most common faults, in particular in the steering, suspension and braking systems, tyres, lights and direction indicators, reflectors, rear-view mirrors, windscreen and wipers, the exhaust system, seat-belts and the audible warning device; 2.1.8. Vehicle safety equipment and, in particular, the use of seat-belts, head restraints and child safety equipment; 2.1.9. Rules regarding vehicle use in relation to the environment (appropriate use of audible warning devices, moderate fuel consumption, limitation of pollutant emissions, etc.).

3. Specific provisions concerning categories A1, A2 and A

3.1. Compulsory check of general knowledge on: 3.1.1. Use of protective outfit such as gloves, boots, clothes and safety helmet; 3.1.2. Visibility of motorcycle riders for other road users; 3.1.3. Risk factors related to various road conditions as laid down above with additional attention to slippery parts such as drain covers, road markings such as lines and arrows, tram rails; 3.1.4. Mechanical aspects with a bearing on road safety as laid down above with additional attention to the emergency stop switch, the oil levels and the chain.

4. Specific provisions concerning categories C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1E 4.1. Compulsory check of general knowledge on: 4.1.1. Rules on driving hours and rest periods as defined by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport (); use of the recording equipment as defined by Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 on recording equipment in road transport; 4.1.2. Rules concerning the type of transport concerned: goods or passengers;

4.1.3. Vehicle and transport documents required for the national and international carriage of goods and passengers; 4.1.4. How to behave in the event of an accident; knowledge of measures to be taken after an accident or similar occurrence, including emergency action such as evacuation of passengers and basic knowledge of first aid; 4.1.5. The precautions to be taken during the removal and replacement of wheels; 4.1.6. Rules on vehicle weights and dimensions; rules on speed limiters; 4.1.7. Obstruction of the field of view caused by the characteristics of their vehicles; 4.1.8. Reading a road map, route planning, including the use of electronic navigation systems (optional); 4.1.9. Safety factors relating to vehicle loading: controlling the load (stowing and fastening), difficulties with different kinds of load (e.g. liquids, hanging loads, …), loading and unloading goods and the use of loading equipment (categories C, CE, C1, C1E only);

4.1.10. The driver's responsibility in respect to the carriage of passengers; comfort and safety of passengers; transport of children; necessary checks before driving away; all sorts of buses should be part of the theory test (public service buses and coaches, buses with special dimensions, …) (categories D, DE, D1, D1E only). 4.1a. Member States may exempt applicants to a licence for a category C1 or C1E vehicle outside the scope of Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 from demonstrating their knowledge of the subjects listed in points 4.1.1 to 4.1.3.

4.2. Compulsory check of general knowledge on the following additional provisions concerning categories C, CE, D and DE: 4.2.1. The principles of the construction and functioning of: internal combustion engines, fluids (e.g. engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), the fuel system, the electrical system, the ignition system, the transmission system (clutch, gearbox, etc.); 4.2.2. Lubrication and antifreeze protection; 4.2.3. The principles of the construction, the fitting, correct use and care of tyres;

4.2.4. The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of brake fittings and speed governors, and use of anti-lock brakes; 4.2.5. The principles of the types, operation, main parts, connection, use and day-to-day maintenance of coupling systems (categories CE, DE only); 4.2.6. Methods of locating causes of breakdowns; 4.2.7. Preventive maintenance of vehicles and necessary running repairs; 4.2.8. The driver's responsibility in respect of the receipt, carriage and delivery of goods in accordance with the agreed conditions (categories C, CE only). B. TEST OF SKILLS AND BEHAVIOUR 5. The vehicle and its equipment 5.1. Vehicle transmission 5.1.1. The driving of a vehicle with manual transmission shall be subject to the passing of a skills and behaviour test taken on a vehicle with manual transmission. ‘Vehicle with manual transmission’ means a vehicle in which a clutch pedal (or lever operated manually for categories A, A2 and A1) is present and must be operated by the driver when starting or stopping the vehicle and changing gears.

5.1.2. Vehicles that do not meet the criteria laid down in point 5.1.1 shall be considered to have automatic transmission. Without prejudice to point 5.1.3, if an applicant takes the test of skills and behaviour on a vehicle with automatic transmission this shall be recorded on any licence issued on the basis of such a test. Licences with this indication shall be used only for driving vehicles with automatic transmission.

5.1.3. Specific provisions concerning vehicles of category BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 and D1EMember States may decide that no restriction to vehicles with automatic transmission shall be recorded on the driving licence for a category BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 or D1E vehicle referred to in point 5.1.2, when the applicant already holds a driving licence obtained on a vehicle with manual transmission in at least one of the following categories: B, BE, C, CE, C1, C1E, D, DE, D1 or D1E, and has performed the actions described in point 8.4 during the test of skills and behaviour.

5.2. The vehicles used in tests of skills and behaviour shall comply with the minimum criteria given below. Member States may make provisions for more stringent criteria or add others. Member States may apply to vehicles of category A1, A2 and A, used in the test of skills and behaviour, a tolerance of 5 cm3 below the required minimum cylinder capacity. Category A1: Category A1 motorcycle without sidecar, with a power rating not exceeding 11 kW and with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0,1 kW/kg, and capable of a speed of at least 90 km/h. If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cylinder capacity of the engine shall be at least 120 cm3. If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,08 kW/kg; Category A2: Motorcycle without sidecar, with a power rating of at least 20 kW but not exceeding 35 kW and with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0,2 kW/kg. If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cubic capacity of the engine shall be at least 250 cm3.

If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,15 kW/kg; Category A: Motorcycle without sidecar, whose unladen mass is more than 180 kg, with a power rating of at least 50 kW. A tolerance of 5 kg below the required minimum mass may be accepted by the Member State. If the motorcycle is powered by an internal combustion engine, the cubic capacity of the engine shall be at least 600 cm3. If the motorcycle is powered by an electric motor, the power to weight ratio of the vehicle shall be at least 0,25 kW/kg. Member States may authorise the use of motorcycles of category A whose unladen mass is below 180 kg, and with a power rating of at least 40 kW and below 50 kW, until 31 December 2018; Category B: A four-wheeled category B vehicle capable of a speed of at least 100 km/h; Category BE: