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(1) Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013) (hereinafter referred to as the Seventh Framework Programme) provides for Community participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes, within the meaning of Article 169 of the Treaty.

(2) The Seventh Framework Programme has defined a series of criteria for the identification of areas for such Article 169 initiatives: the relevance to Community objectives, the clear definition of the objective to be pursued and its relevance to the objectives of the Seventh Framework Programme, the presence of a pre-existing basis (existing or envisaged national research programmes), European added value, a critical mass with regard to the size and number of programmes involved and the similarity of activities they cover, and the efficiency of Article 169 of the Treaty as the most appropriate means for achieving the objectives.

(3) Council Decision 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme ‘Capacities’ implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013) (hereinafter referred to as the Specific Programme ‘Capacities’) identifies an Article 169 initiative in the field of Research Performing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) as one of the fields suitable for Community participation in national research programmes jointly implemented on the basis of Article 169 of the Treaty.

(4) In its conclusions of 24 September 2004, the Council recognised the important role of the Seventh Framework Programme in furthering the development of the European Research Area (ERA), and in this context stressed the importance of reinforcing the ties between the ERA and European intergovernmental organisations, such as Eureka.

(5) In its conclusions of 25 and 26 November 2004, the Council stressed the importance of SMEs for European growth and competitiveness and thus the need for Member States and the Commission to enhance the effectiveness and complementarity of national and European support programmes for SMEs. It encouraged the Commission to explore the possible development of a bottom-up scheme for research-performing SMEs. The Council recalled the importance of coordinating national programmes for the development of the ERA. The Council invited Member States and the Commission to cooperate closely in identifying a limited number of areas for further application of Article 169 of the Treaty. The Council invited the Commission to further develop cooperation and coordination between the Communities and the activities carried out in the framework of intergovernmental structures, notably with Eureka, recalling the Eureka Ministerial Conference of 18 June 2004.

(6) In its resolution of 10 March 2005 on science and technology — Guidelines for future European Union policy to support research — the European Parliament encouraged the Member States to adopt fiscal and other incentives for promoting industrial innovation, including links with Eureka, especially with reference to SMEs, and stressed that the ERA would be possible only if an increasing proportion of funding for research were allocated by the Union with a view to coordinating European, national and regional research policies more closely as regards both their substance and their funding, and if this funding were additional to research policy in and between the Member States. The European Parliament stated that more efficient and coordinated use should be made of other funding mechanisms and support mechanisms to support research and development (hereinafter referred to as R & D) and innovation, mentioning, among others, Eureka. It asked for enhanced cooperation between national research programmes and called on the Commission to take initiatives pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty.

(7) In its Communication of 4 June 2003 entitled ‘Investing in research: an action plan for Europe’, the Commission emphasised the importance of SME participation in direct measures to support research and innovation, which is crucial to boosting the innovative capacity of large segments of the economy.

(8) At present, a number of R & D programmes and activities undertaken by Member States individually at national level to support R & D activities carried out by SMEs are not sufficiently coordinated at European level and do not allow a coherent approach at European level to an effective research and technological development programme.

(9) Wishing to have a coherent approach at European level in the field of R & D performing SMEs and to act effectively, several Member States have taken the initiative within the framework of Eureka to set up a joint research and development programme entitled ‘Eurostars’ (hereinafter referred to as the Eurostars Joint Programme) for the benefit of R & D performing SMEs, in order to obtain a critical mass in terms of management and financial resources and the combination of additional expertise and resources available in various countries across Europe.

(10) The Eurostars Joint Programme aims to support R & D performing SMEs by providing the necessary legal and organisational framework for large-scale European cooperation between Member States in applied research and innovation, in any technological or industrial field, for the benefit of these SMEs. Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (hereinafter referred to as the participating Member States), and Iceland, Israel, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey (hereinafter referred to as the other participating countries) have agreed to coordinate and implement jointly activities aimed at contributing to the Eurostars Joint Programme. The overall value of their participation is estimated at a minimum of EUR 300 million for the proposed period of six years. The Community financial contribution should represent a maximum of 25 % of the total public contribution to the Eurostars Joint Programme, which is estimated at EUR 400 million.

(12) The Community financial support should be provided subject to the definition of a financing plan based on formal commitments from the competent national authorities to implement jointly the R & D programmes and activities undertaken at national level and to contribute to the financing of the joint execution of the Eurostars Joint Programme.

(13) The joint implementation of the national research programmes requires the establishment or existence of a dedicated implementation structure, as provided for in the Specific Programme ‘Capacities’.

(14) The participating Member States have agreed on such a dedicated implementation structure to implement the Eurostars Joint Programme.

(15) The dedicated implementation structure should be the recipient of the financial contribution from the Community and should ensure the efficient execution of the Eurostars Joint Programme.

(16) The Community contribution should be subject to the commitment of resources by the participating Member States and the other participating countries and the effective payment of their financial contributions.

(17) The payment of the Community contribution should be subject to the conclusion of a general agreement between the Commission on behalf of the European Community and the dedicated implementation structure, containing the detailed arrangements for the use of the Community contribution. This general agreement should include the necessary provisions to ensure that the financial interests of the Community are protected.

(18) The interest generated by the Community financial contribution should be considered as assigned revenue, in accordance with Article 18(2) of Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 of 25 June 2002 on the Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Communities (hereinafter referred to as the Financial Regulation). The maximum Community contribution indicated in this Decision may be increased accordingly by the Commission.

(19) The Community should have the right to reduce, withhold or terminate its financial contribution in the event that the Eurostars Joint Programme is implemented inadequately, partially or late, or in the event that the participating Member States and the other participating countries do not contribute, contribute partially or late to the financing of the Eurostars Joint Programme, on the terms set out in the agreement to be concluded between the Community and the dedicated implementation structure.