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1. The origin of an economic operator shall be deemed to be:

(a) in the case of a natural person, the country of which the person is a national or where that person has a right of permanent residence;

(b) in the case of a legal person, either of the following:

(i) the country under the laws of which the legal person is constituted or otherwise organised and in the territory of which the legal person is engaged in substantive business operations;

(ii) if the legal person is not engaged in substantive business operations in the territory of the country in which it is constituted or otherwise organised, the origin of the legal person is to be that of the person or persons who may exercise, directly or indirectly, a dominant influence on the legal person by virtue of their ownership of that legal person, their financial participation therein, or the rules which govern that legal person. For the purposes of the first subparagraph, point (b)(ii), that person or persons shall be presumed to have a dominant influence on the legal person in any of the following cases in which they, directly or indirectly:

(a) hold the majority of the legal person’s subscribed capital;

(b) control the majority of the votes attaching to shares issued by the legal person; or (c) can appoint more than half of the legal person’s administrative, management or supervisory body.

2. Where an economic operator is a group of natural or legal persons, public entities or any combination thereof, and at least one of such persons or entities originates from a third country whose economic operators, goods or services are subject to an IPI measure, that IPI measure shall also apply to tenders submitted by that group. However, where the participation of such persons or entities in a group amounts to less than 15 % of the value of a tender submitted by that group, that IPI measure shall not apply to that tender, unless those persons or entities are necessary in order to fulfil the majority of at least one of the selection criteria in a public procurement procedure.

3. Contracting authorities or contracting entities may, at any time during the public procurement procedure, request the economic operator to submit, supplement, clarify or complete the information or documentation related to the verification of the economic operator’s origin within an appropriate time limit, provided that such requests are made in compliance with the principles of equal treatment and transparency. Where the economic operator fails to provide such information or documentation without any reasonable explanation, and thereby prevents the verification of the economic operator’s origin by contracting authorities or contracting entities or makes such a verification practically impossible or very difficult, that economic operator shall be excluded from participation in the public procurement procedure concerned.

4. The origin of a good shall be determined in accordance with Article 60 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, and the origin of a service shall be determined on the basis of the origin of the economic operator providing it.