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1. Two or more Member States may cooperate on all types of joint projects with regard to the production of electricity, heating or cooling from renewable sources. Such cooperation may involve private operators.

1a. By 31 December 2025, each Member State shall agree to establish a framework for cooperation on joint projects with one or more other Member States for the production of renewable energy, subject to the following:

(a) by 31 December 2030, Member States shall endeavour to agree on establishing at least two joint projects;

(b) by 31 December 2033, Member States with an annual electricity consumption of more than 100 TWh shall endeavour to agree on establishing a third joint project.

Member States shall notify the Commission of cooperation agreements, including the date on which the joint projects are expected to become operational. Projects financed by national contributions under the Union renewable energy financing mechanism established by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1294 () shall be deemed to satisfy the obligations referred to in the first subparagraph for the Member States involved.

2. Member States shall notify the Commission of the proportion or amount of electricity, heating or cooling from renewable sources produced by any joint project in their territory that became operational after 25 June 2009, or by the increased capacity of an installation that was refurbished after that date, which is to be regarded as counting towards the renewable energy share of another Member State for the purposes of this Directive.

3. The notification referred to in paragraph 2 shall:

(a) describe the proposed installation or identify the refurbished installation;

(b) specify the proportion or amount of electricity or heating or cooling produced from the installation which is to be regarded as counting towards the renewable energy share of the other Member State;

(c) identify the Member State in whose favour the notification is being made; and (d) specify the period, in whole calendar years, during which the electricity or heating or cooling produced by the installation from renewable sources is to be regarded as counting towards the renewable energy share of the other Member State.

4. The duration of a joint project as referred to in this Article may extend beyond 2030.

5. A notification made under this Article shall not be varied or withdrawn without the joint agreement of the Member State making the notification and the Member State identified in accordance with point (c) of paragraph 3.

6. The Commission shall, upon the request of the Member States concerned, facilitate the establishment of joint projects between Member States, in particular via dedicated technical assistance and project development assistance.

7a. On the basis of the indicative goals for offshore renewable energy generation to be deployed within each sea basin, identified in accordance with Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2022/869, the Member States concerned shall publish information on the volumes of offshore renewable energy that they plan to achieve through tenders, taking into account technical and economic feasibility for the grid infrastructure and the activities that already take place. Member States shall endeavour to allocate space for offshore renewable energy projects in their maritime spatial plans, taking into account the activities that already take place in the affected areas. In order to facilitate permit-granting for joint offshore renewable energy projects, Member States shall reduce the complexity and increase the efficiency and transparency of the permit-granting procedure, shall enhance cooperation among themselves and shall, where appropriate, establish a single contact point. In order to enhance public acceptance, Member States may include renewable energy communities in joint offshore renewable energy projects.

The identification of joint offshore renewable energy projects shall be consistent with the needs identified in the high-level strategic integrated offshore network development plans for each sea-basin referred to in Article 14(2) of Regulation (EU) 2022/869 of the European Parliament and of the Council () and the Union-wide ten-year network development plan referred to in Article 30(1), point (b), of Regulation (EU) 2019/943, but may go beyond those needs and may involve local and regional authorities and private undertakings. Member States shall work towards a fair distribution of the costs and benefits of joint projects. To that end, Member States shall take into account all the relevant costs and benefits of the joint project in the relevant cooperation agreement.