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COMMON FARMLAND BIRD INDEX AT NATIONAL LEVEL Description The common farmland bird index summarises population trends of common and widespread birds of farmland and is intended as a proxy to assess the biodiversity status of agricultural ecosystems in Europe. The national common farmland bird index is a composite, multispecies index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of farmland bird species across selected survey sites at national level. That index is based on specially selected species that are dependent on farmland habitats for feeding or nesting, or both. National common farmland bird indices are based on species sets that are relevant to each Member State. The national common farmland bird index is calculated with reference to a base year when the index value is typically set at 100. Trend values express the overall population change in the population size of the constituent farmland birds over a period of years. Methodology: Brlík et al. (2021): Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds. Sci Data 8, 21.

‘Member States with historically more depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where half or more species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used. These Member States are: Czechia Denmark Germany Estonia Spain France Italy Luxembourg Hungary Netherlands Finland ‘Member States with historically less depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where less than half of species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used. These Member States are: Belgium Bulgaria Ireland Greece Croatia Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Malta Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Sweden List of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States

Belgium - Flanders Belgium - Wallonia Alauda arvensis Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Anthus pratensis Emberiza citrinella Corvus frugilegus Falco tinnunculus Emberiza citrinella Haematopus ostralegus Falco tinnunculus Hirundo rustica Hirundo rustica Limosa limosa Lanius collurio Linaria cannabin Linaria cannabina Motacilla flava Miliaria calandra Numenius arquata Motacilla flava Passer montanus Passer montanus Perdix perdi Perdix perdix Saxicola torquatus Saxicola torquatus Sylvia communis Streptopelia turtur Vanellus vanellus Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Vanellus vanellus Bulgaria Alauda arvensis Carduelis carduelis Coturnix coturnix Corvus frugilegus Emberiza hortulana Emberiza melanocephala Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Miliaria calandra Motacilla flava Perdix perdix Passer montanus Sylvia communis Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Upupa epops Czechia Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Ciconia ciconia Corvus frugilegus Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Miliaria calandra Motacilla flava Passer montanus Perdix perdix Saxicola rubetra

Saxicola torquatus Serinus serinus Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Vanellus vanellus Denmark Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Carduelis carduelis Corvus corone Corvus frugilegus Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Gallinago gallinago Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Miliaria calandra Motacilla alba Motacilla flava Oenanthe oenanthe Passer montanus Perdix perdix Saxicola rubetra Sylvia communis Sylvia curruca Turdus pilaris Vanellus vanellus Germany Alauda arvensis Athene noctua Emberiza citrinella Lanius collurio Limosa limosa Lullula arborea Miliaria calandra Milvus milvus Saxicola rubetra Vanellus vanellus Estonia Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Corvus frugilegus Emberiza citrinella Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Motacilla flava Passer montanus Saxicola rubetra Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Vanellus vanellus Ireland Carduelis carduelis Columba oenas Columba palumbus Corvus cornix Corvus frugilegus Corvus monedula Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Fringilla coelebs Hirundo rustica Chloris chloris Linaria cannabina Motacilla alba Passer domesticus

Phasianus colchicus Pica pica Saxicola torquatus Sturnus vulgaris Greece Alauda arvensis Apus apus Athene noctua Calandrella brachydactyla Carduelis carduelis Carduelis chloris Ciconia ciconia Corvus corone Corvus monedula Delichon urbicum Emberiza cirlus Emberiza hortulana Emberiza melanocephala Falco naumanni Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo daurica Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Lanius minor Lanius senator Linaria cannabina Lullula arborea Luscinia megarhynchos Melanocorypha calandra Miliaria calandra Motacilla flava Oenanthe hispanica Oenanthe oenanthe Passer domesticus Passer hispaniolensis Passer montanus Pica pica Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquatus Streptopelia decaocto Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia melanocephala Upupa epops Spain Alauda arvensis Alectoris rufa Athene noctua Calandrella brachydactyla Carduelis carduelis Cisticola juncidis Corvus monedula Coturnix coturnix Emberiza calandra Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Linaria cannabina Melanocorypha calandra Merops apiaster Oenanthe hispanica Passer domesticus Passer montanus Pica pica Pterocles orientalis

Streptopelia turtur Sturnus unicolor Tetrax tetrax Upupa epops France Alauda arvensis Alectoris rufa Anthus campestris Anthus pratensis Buteo buteo Corvus frugilegus Coturnix coturnix Emberiza cirlus Emberiza citrinella Emberiza hortulana Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Lullula arborea Melanocorypha calandra Motacilla flava Oenanthe oenanthe Perdix perdix Saxicola torquatus Saxicola rubetra Sylvia communis Upupa epops Vanellus vanellus Croatia Alauda arvensis Anthus campestris Anthus trivialis Carduelis carduelis Coturnix coturnix Emberiza cirlus Emberiza citrinella Emberiza melanocephala Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Jynx torquilla Lanius collurio Lanius senator Linaria cannabina Lullula arborea Luscinia megarhynchos Miliaria calandra Motacilla flava Oenanthe hispanica Oriolus oriolus Passer montanus Pica pica Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquatus Streptopelia turtur Sylvia communis Upupa epops Vanellus vanellus Italy Alauda arvensis Anthus campestris Calandrella brachydactyla Carduelis carduelis Carduelis chloris Corvus cornix Emberiza calandra Emberiza hortulana Falco tinnunculus

Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Jynx torquilla Lanius collurio Luscinia megarhynchos Melanocorypha calandra Motacilla alba Motacilla flava Oriolus oriolus Passer domesticus italiae Passer hispaniolensis Passer montanus Pica pica Saxicola torquatus Serinus serinus Streptopelia turtur Sturnus unicolor Sturnus vulgaris Upupa epops Cyprus Alectoris chukar Athene noctua Carduelis carduelis Cisticola juncidis Clamator glandarius Columba palumbus Coracias garrulus Corvus corone cornix Coturnix coturnix Emberiza calandra Emberiza melanocephala Falco tinnunculus Francolinus francolinus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Chloris chloris Iduna pallida Linaria cannabina Oenanthe cypriaca Parus major Passer hispaniolensis Pica pica Streptopelia turtur Sylvia conspicillata Sylvia melanocephala Latvia Acrocephalus palustris Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Carduelis carduelis Carpodacus erythrinus Ciconia ciconia Crex crex Emberiza citrinella Lanius collurio Locustella naevia Motacilla flava Passer montanus Saxicola rubetra Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Vanellus vanellus Lithuania Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Carduelis carduelis Ciconia ciconia

Crex crex Emberiza citrinella Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Motacilla flava Passer montanus Saxicola rubetra Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Vanellus vanellus Luxembourg Alauda arvensis Emberiza citrinella Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Passer montanus Saxicola torquatus Sylvia communis Hungary Alauda arvensis Anthus campestris Coturnix coturnix Emberiza calandra Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Lanius collurio Lanius minor Locustella naevia Merops apiaster Motacilla flava Perdix perdix Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Sylvia nisoria Vanellus vanellus Malta Calandrella brachydactyla Linaria cannabina Cettia cetti Cisticola juncidis Coturnix coturnix Emberiza calandra Lanius senator Monticola solitarius Passer hispaniolensis Passer montanus Serinus serinus Streptopelia decaocto Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia conspicillata Sylvia melanocephala Netherlands Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Athene noctua Calidris pugnax Carduelis carduelis Corvus frugilegus Coturnix coturnix Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Gallinago gallinago Haematopus ostralegus Hippolais icterina Hirundo rustica Limosa limosa Miliaria calandra

Motacilla fl ava Numenius arquata Passer montanus Perdix perdix Saxicola torquatus Spatula clypeata Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Tringa totanus Turdus viscivorus Vanellus vanellus Austria Acrocephalus palustris Alauda arvensis Anthus spinoletta Anthus trivialis Carduelis carduelis Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Jynx torquilla Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Lullula arborea Miliaria calandra Oenanthe oenanthe Passer montanus Perdix perdix Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquatus Serinus citrinella Serinus serinus Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Turdus pilaris Vanellus vanellus Poland Alauda arvensis Anthus pratensis Ciconia ciconia Emberiza citrinella Emberiza hortulana Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Limosa limosa Linaria cannabina Miliaria calandra Motacilla flava Passer montanus Saxicola torquatus Saxicola rubetra Serinus serinus Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Upupa epops Vanellus vanellus Portugal Athene noctua Bubulcus ibis Carduelis carduelis Chloris chloris Ciconia ciconia Cisticola juncidis Coturnix coturnix Delichon urbicum

Emberiza cirlus Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Lanius meridionalis Linaria cannabina Merops apiaster Miliaria calandra Milvus migrans Passer domesticus Pica pica Saxicola torquatus Serinus serinus Sturnus unicolor Upupa epops Romania Alauda arvensis Anthus campestris Calandrella brachydactyla Ciconia ciconia Corvus frugilegus Emberiza calandra Emberiza citrinella Emberiza hortulana Emberiza melanocephala Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Lanius collurio Lanius minor Linaria cannabina Melanocorypha calandra Motacilla flava Passer montanus Perdix perdix Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquatus Streptopelia turtur Sturnus vulgaris Sylvia communis Upupa epops Vanellus vanellus Slovenia Acrocephalus palustris Alauda arvensis Anthus trivialis Carduelis carduelis Columba oenas Columba palumbus Emberiza calandra Emberiza cirlus Emberiza citrinella Falco tinnunculus Galerida cristata Hirundo rustica Jynx torquilla Lanius collurio Linaria cannabina Lullula arborea Luscinia megarhynchos Motacilla flava Passer montanus Phoenicurus phoenicurus Picus viridis Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquatus Serinus serinus