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1. By way of derogation from point (a) of Article 17(2), the competent authorities of the Member States may authorise such activities, in particular those regarding joint ventures or cooperative entities that are non-commercial, public utility infrastructure projects not generating profit, provided that the Member State has obtained the advance approval of the Sanctions Committee on a case-by-case basis.

2. By way of derogation from point (a) of Article 17(2), and in insofar as they do not relate to joint ventures or cooperative entities, the competent authorities of the Member States may authorise such activities, provided that the Member State has determined that those activities are exclusively for humanitarian purposes, and are not in the sectors of mining, refining, chemical, metallurgy or the metalworking, aerospace or conventional arms-related industries. The Member State concerned shall notify the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation granted pursuant to paragraphs 1 or 2.