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Definitions For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘external borders’ means external borders as defined in point (2) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council ();

(2) ‘border checks’ means border checks as defined in point (11) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/399;

(3) ‘border authority’ means the border guard assigned in accordance with national law to carry out border checks;

(4) ‘supervisory authorities’ means the supervisory authority referred to in Article 51(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and the supervisory authority referred to in Article 41(1) of Directive (EU) 2016/680;

(5) ‘verification’ means the process of comparing sets of data to establish the validity of a claimed identity (one-to-one check);

(6) ‘identification’ means the process of determining a person's identity through a database search against multiple sets of data (one-to-many check);

(7) ‘alphanumeric data’ means data represented by letters, digits, special characters, spaces and punctuation marks;

(8) ‘identity data’ means the data referred to in Article 27(3)(a) and (b);

(9) ‘fingerprint data’ means fingerprint images and images of fingerprint latents, which due to their unique character and the reference points contained therein enable accurate and conclusive comparisons on a person's identity;

(10) ‘facial image’ means digital images of the face;

(11) ‘biometric data’ means fingerprint data or facial images or both;

(12) ‘biometric template’ means a mathematical representation obtained by feature extraction from biometric data limited to the characteristics necessary to perform identifications and verifications;

(13) ‘travel document’ means a passport or other equivalent document entitling the holder to cross the external borders and to which a visa can be affixed;

(14) ‘travel document data’ means the type, number and country of issuance of the travel document, the date of expiry of the validity of the travel document and the three-letter code of the country issuing the travel document;

(15) ‘EU information systems’ means the EES, VIS, ETIAS, Eurodac, SIS and ECRIS-TCN;

(16) ‘Europol data’ means personal data processed by Europol for the purpose referred to in Article 18(2)(a), (b) and (c) of Regulation (EU) 2016/794;

(17) ‘Interpol databases’ means the Interpol Stolen and Lost Travel Document database (SLTD database) and the Interpol Travel Documents Associated with Notices database (TDAWN database);

(18) ‘match’ means the existence of a correspondence as a result of an automated comparison between personal data recorded or being recorded in an information system or database;

(19) ‘police authority’ means the competent authority as defined in point (7) of Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2016/680;

(20) ‘designated authorities’ means the Member State designated authorities as defined in point (3a) of Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 767/2008, point (26) of Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 and point (21) of Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1240;

(21) ‘terrorist offence’ means an offence under national law which corresponds or is equivalent to one of the offences referred to in Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council ();

(22) ‘serious criminal offence’ means an offence which corresponds or is equivalent to one of the offences referred to in Article 2(2) of Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA (), if it is punishable under national law by a custodial sentence or a detention order for a maximum period of at least three years;

(23) ‘Entry/Exit System’ or ‘EES’ means the Entry/Exit System established by Regulation (EU) 2017/2226;

(24) ‘Visa Information System’ or ‘VIS’ means the Visa Information System established by Regulation (EC) No 767/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council ();

(25) ‘European Travel Information and Authorisation System’ or ‘ETIAS’ means the European Travel Information and Authorisation System established by Regulation (EU) 2018/1240;

(26) ‘Eurodac’ means Eurodac established by Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council ();

(27) ‘Schengen Information System’ or ‘SIS’ means the Schengen Information System established by Regulations (EU) 2018/1860, (EU) 2018/1861 and (EU) 2018/1862;

(28) ‘ECRIS-TCN’ means the centralised system for the identification of Member States holding conviction information on third-country nationals and stateless persons established by Regulation (EU) 2019/816.