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MODULE FOR AIR EMISSIONS ACCOUNTS Section 1 OBJECTIVES Air emissions accounts record and present data on air emissions in a way that is compatible with the system of national accounts. They record national economies’ emissions to air in a breakdown by emitting economic activity as delineated in ESA 2010 ◄ . Economic activities comprise production and consumption. This Annex defines the data to be collected, compiled, transmitted and evaluated for air emissions accounts by the Member States. Those data will be developed in a way that links emissions to economic production and consumption activities by industries and households. The direct emissions data reported under this Regulation will be combined with the economic input-output tables, supply and use tables and household consumption data that are already reported to the Commission (Eurostat) as part of ESA 2010 ◄ reporting. Section 2 COVERAGE Air emissions accounts have the same system boundaries as ESA 2010 ◄ and are also based on the residence principle.

In accordance with ESA 2010 ◄ , the concept of residence is based on the following principle: a unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. Air emissions accounts record emissions arising from the activities of all resident units, regardless of where these emissions actually occur geographically. Air emissions accounts record the flows of residual gaseous and particulate materials originating from the national economy and flowing into the atmosphere. For the purpose of this Regulation, the term ‘atmosphere’ refers to a component of the environmental system. The system boundary relates to the borderline between the national economy (as part of the economic system) and the atmosphere (as part of the environmental system). After having crossed the system boundary, the emitted substances are out of any human control and become part of natural materials cycles and may induce several types of environmental impacts. Section 3 LIST OF CHARACTERISTICS

Member States shall produce statistics on the emissions of the following air pollutants: All data shall be reported to one decimal place. Section 4 FIRST REFERENCE YEAR, FREQUENCY AND TRANSMISSION DEADLINES 1. Statistics shall be compiled and transmitted on a yearly basis.

2. Statistics shall be transmitted within 21 months of the end of the reference year.

3. In order to meet user needs for complete and timely datasets, the Commission (Eurostat) shall produce, as soon as sufficient country data becomes available, estimates for the EU-27 totals for the main aggregates of this module. The Commission (Eurostat) shall, wherever possible, produce and publish estimates for data that have not been transmitted by Member States within the deadline specified in point 2.

4. The first reference year is the year in which this Regulation enters into force.

5. In the first data transmission, Member States shall include annual data from 2008 to the first reference year.

6. In each subsequent data transmission to the Commission, Member States shall provide annual data for the years n-4, n-3, n-2, n-1 and n, where n is the reference year. Section 5 REPORTING TABLES

1. For each of the characteristics referred to in Section 3, data shall be produced by a hierarchical classification of economic activities, NACE Rev. 2 (A*64 aggregation level), fully compatible with ESA 2010 ◄ . In addition, data shall be produced for:

— Household air emissions,

— Bridging items, by which is meant reporting items which clearly reconcile the differences between the air emissions accounts reported under this Regulation and those data reported in official national air emission inventories.

2. The hierarchical classification referred to in paragraph 1 is as follows: Air emissions by industry – NACE Rev. 2 (A*64) Household air emissions — Transport — Heating/cooling — Other Bridging items Total air emission accounts (production activities + households) for each of the characteristics referred to in Section 3 Less national residents abroad — National fishing vessels operating abroad — Land transport — Water transport — Air transport Plus non-residents on the territory + Land transport + Water transport + Air transport (+ or –) Other adjustments and statistical discrepancies = Total emissions of pollutant X as reported to UNFCCC ()/CLRTAP () Section 6

MAXIMUM DURATION OF THE TRANSITIONAL PERIODS For the implementation of the provisions of this Annex, the maximum duration of the transitional period is 2 years, from the first transmission deadline.