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MODULE FOR ECONOMY-WIDE MATERIAL FLOW ACCOUNTS (EW-MFA) Section 1 OBJECTIVES EW-MFA covers all solid, gaseous, and liquid materials, except for flows of air and water, measured in mass units per year. Like the system of national accounts, EW-MFA serves two major purposes. The detailed material flows provide a rich empirical database for numerous analytical studies. They are also used to compile different economy-wide material flow indicators for national economies. This Annex defines the data to be collected, compiled, transmitted and evaluated for EW-MFA by the Member States. Section 2 COVERAGE The distinction between stocks and flows is a fundamental principle of a material flow system. In general, a flow is a variable that measures a quantity per time period, whereas a stock is a variable that measures a quantity at a certain point in time. EW-MFA is a flow concept. It measures the flows of material inputs, outputs and stock changes within the economy in mass units per year.

EW-MFA is coherent with the principles of the system of national accounts, such as the residence principle. It accounts for material flows associated with the activities of all resident units of a national economy regardless of their geographic location. In EW-MFA, there are two types of material flows across system boundaries that are relevant:

(1) material flows between the national economy and its natural environment. This consists of the extraction of materials (i.e. raw, crude or virgin) from and the discharge of materials (often called residuals) to the natural environment;

(2) material flows between the national economy and the rest of the world economy. This encompasses imports and exports. All flows that cross these system boundaries are included in EW-MFA, as well as the additions to the man-made stocks. All other material flows within the economy are not represented in EW-MFA. This means that the national economy is treated in its entirety in EW-MFA and e.g. inter-industry deliveries of products are not described. Natural flows within the natural environment are likewise excluded. Section 3 LIST OF CHARACTERISTICS

Member States shall produce statistics on the characteristics listed in Section 5 for EW-MFA where applicable.

1. Domestic extraction (DE) covers the annual amount of solid, liquid and gaseous materials (excluding air and water) extracted from the natural environment to be used as inputs in the economy.

2. Physical imports and physical exports covers all imported or exported commodities in mass units. Traded commodities comprise goods at all stages of processing from raw products to finished goods. Section 4 FIRST REFERENCE YEAR, FREQUENCY AND TRANSMISSION DEADLINES 1. Statistics shall be compiled and transmitted on a yearly basis.

2. Statistics shall be transmitted within 16 months of the end of the reference year. This applies from the reference year 2021.

3. In order to meet user needs for complete and timely datasets, the Commission (Eurostat) shall produce, as soon as sufficient country data becomes available, estimates for the EU-27 totals for the main aggregates of this module. The Commission (Eurostat) shall, wherever possible, produce and publish estimates for data that have not been transmitted by Member States within the deadline specified in point 2.

4. The first reference year is 2021.

5. In each data transmission to the Commission, Member States shall provide annual data for the years n-4, n-3, n-2, n-1 and n, where n is the reference year. Member States may provide any available data for the years preceding 2017. Section 5 REPORTING TABLES Data, expressed in mass units, shall be produced for the characteristics listed in the following tables. Table A – Domestic extraction MF.1 Biomass MF.1.1 Crops (excluding fodder crops) MF.1.1.1 Cereals MF.1.1.2 Roots, tubers MF.1.1.3 Sugar crops MF.1.1.4 Pulses MF.1.1.5 Nuts MF.1.1.6 Oil-bearing crops MF.1.1.7 Vegetables MF.1.1.8 Fruits MF.1.1.9 Fibres MF.1.1.A Other crops (excluding fodder crops) n.e.c. MF.1.2 Crop residues (used), fodder crops and grazed biomass MF.1.2.1 Crop residues (used) MF.1.2.1.1 Straw MF.1.2.1.2 Other crop residues (sugar and fodder beet leaves, etc.) MF.1.2.2 Fodder crops and grazed biomass MF.1.2.2.1 Fodder crops (including biomass harvest from grassland) MF.1.2.2.2 Grazed biomass MF.1.3 Wood MF.1.3.1 Timber (industrial roundwood) MF.1.3.2 Wood fuel and other extraction MF.1.4 Wild fish catch, aquatic plants and animals, hunting and gathering

MF.1.4.1 Wild fish catch MF.1.4.2 All other aquatic animals and plants MF.1.4.3 Hunting and gathering MF.2 Metal ores (gross ores) MF.2.1 Iron MF.2.2 Non-ferrous metal MF.2.2.1 Copper MF.2.2.2 Nickel MF.2.2.3 Lead MF.2.2.4 Zinc MF.2.2.5 Tin MF.2.2.6 Gold, silver, platinum and other precious metals MF.2.2.7 Bauxite and other aluminium MF.2.2.8 Uranium and thorium MF.2.2.9 Other non-ferrous metals MF.3 Non-metallic minerals MF.3.1 Marble, granite, sandstone, porphyry, basalt, other ornamental or building stone (excluding slate) MF.3.2 Chalk and dolomite MF.3.3 Slate MF.3.4 Chemical and fertiliser minerals MF.3.5 Salt MF.3.6 Limestone and gypsum MF.3.7 Clays and kaolin MF.3.8 Sand and gravel MF.3.9 Other non-metallic minerals n.e.c. MF.3.A Excavated earthen materials (including soil), only if used (optional reporting) MF.4 Fossil energy materials/carriers MF.4.1 Coal and other solid energy materials/carriers MF.4.1.1 Lignite (brown coal) MF.4.1.2 Hard coal MF.4.1.3 Oil shale and tar sands MF.4.1.4 Peat MF.4.2 Liquid and gaseous energy materials/carriers MF.4.2.1 Crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids (NGL) MF.4.2.2 Natural gas

Tables B (Imports – Total trade) and D (Exports – Total trade) MF.1 Biomass MF.1.1 Crops (excluding fodder crops) MF.1.1.1 Cereals MF.1.1.2 Roots, tubers MF.1.1.3 Sugar crops MF.1.1.4 Pulses MF.1.1.5 Nuts MF.1.1.6 Oil-bearing crops MF.1.1.7 Vegetables MF.1.1.8 Fruits MF.1.1.9 Fibres MF.1.1.A Other crops (excluding fodder crops) n.e.c. MF.1.2 Crop residues (used), fodder crops and grazed biomass MF.1.2.1 Crop residues (used) MF.1.2.1.1 Straw MF.1.2.1.2 Other crop residues (sugar and fodder beet leaves, etc.) MF.1.2.2 Fodder crops and grazed biomass MF.1.2.2.1 Fodder crops (including biomass harvest from grassland) MF.1.3 Wood MF.1.3.1 Timber (industrial roundwood) MF.1.3.2 Wood fuel and other extraction MF.1.4 Wild fish catch, aquatic plants and animals, hunting and gathering MF.1.4.1 Wild fish catch MF.1.4.2 All other aquatic animals and plants MF.1.5 Live animals and animal products (excluding wild fish, aquatic plants and animals, hunted and gathered animals) MF.1.5.1 Live animals (excluding wild fish, aquatic plants and animals, hunted and gathered animals) MF.1.5.2 Meat and meat preparations MF.1.5.3 Dairy products, birds, eggs and honey

MF.1.5.4 Other products from animals (animal fibres, skins, furs, leather, etc.) MF.1.6 Products mainly from biomass MF.2 Metal ores (gross ores) MF.2.1 Iron MF.2.2 Non-ferrous metal MF.2.2.1 Copper MF.2.2.2 Nickel MF.2.2.3 Lead MF.2.2.4 Zinc MF.2.2.5 Tin MF.2.2.6 Gold, silver, platinum and other precious metals MF.2.2.7 Bauxite and other aluminium MF.2.2.8 Uranium and thorium MF.2.2.9 Other non-ferrous metals MF.2.3 Products mainly from metals MF.3 Non-metallic minerals MF.3.1 Marble, granite, sandstone, porphyry, basalt, other ornamental or building stone (excluding slate) MF.3.2 Chalk and dolomite MF.3.3 Slate MF.3.4 Chemical and fertiliser minerals MF.3.5 Salt MF.3.6 Limestone and gypsum MF.3.7 Clays and kaolin MF.3.8 Sand and gravel MF.3.9 Other non-metallic minerals n.e.c. MF.3.B Products mainly from non-metallic minerals MF.4 Fossil energy materials/carriers MF.4.1 Coal and other solid energy materials/carriers MF.4.1.1 Lignite (brown coal) MF.4.1.2 Hard coal MF.4.1.3 Oil shale and tar sands MF.4.1.4 Peat MF.4.2 Liquid and gaseous energy materials/carriers MF.4.2.1 Crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids (NGL) MF.4.2.2 Natural gas

MF.4.2.3 Fuels bunkered (Imports: by resident units abroad; Exports: by non-resident units domestically) MF.4.2.3.1 Fuel for land transport MF.4.2.3.2 Fuel for water transport MF.4.2.3.3 Fuel for air transport MF.4.3 Products mainly from fossil energy products MF.5 Other products MF.6 Waste for final treatment and disposal Section 6 MAXIMUM DURATION OF THE TRANSITIONAL PERIODS For the implementation of the provisions of this Annex the maximum duration of the transitional period is 2 years, from the first transmission deadline.