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Definitions For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘blending operation’ means an action supported by the Union budget, including within a blending facility within the meaning of point (6) of Article 2 of the Financial Regulation, that combines non-repayable forms of support and/or financial instruments from the Union budget with repayable forms of support from development or other public finance institutions, as well as from commercial finance institutions and investors;

(2) ‘competent authorities’ means Member State authorities responsible for the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences, as referred to in Article 87(1) of the TFEU, including police, customs and other specialised law enforcement services;

(3) ‘prevention’, in relation to crime, means all measures that are intended to reduce or otherwise contribute to reducing crime and citizens’ feeling of insecurity, as referred to in Article 2(2) of Council Decision 2009/902/JHA ;

(4) ‘critical infrastructure’ means an asset, network, system or part thereof which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, the health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption, breach or destruction of which would have a significant impact in a Member State or in the Union as a result of the failure to maintain those functions;

(5) ‘cybercrime’ means either crimes whose commission necessarily involves information and communications technology systems (ICT systems), either as tools for committing the crime or as the primary targets of the crime (cyber-dependent crimes), or traditional crimes which can be increased in scale or reach by the use of computers, computer networks or other ICT systems (cyber-enabled crimes);

(6) ‘EU policy cycle/EMPACT operational action’ means an action undertaken in the framework of the EU policy cycle for organised and serious international crime through the European Multidisciplinary Platform against Criminal Threats (EMPACT), the aim of which is to fight the most important serious and organised crime threats to the Union by encouraging cooperation between Member States, Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and, where relevant, third countries and international organisations;

(7) ‘exchange of information’ means the secure collection, storage, processing, analysis and transfer of, and access to, information relevant to the authorities referred to in Article 87 of the TFEU as well as to Europol and other relevant Union agencies in relation to the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of criminal offences, in particular cross-border, serious and organised crime and terrorism;

(8) ‘organised crime’ means punishable conduct relating to participation in a criminal organisation, as defined in point (1) of Article 1 of Council Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA ;

(9) ‘preparedness’ means any action specifically aimed at preventing or reducing risks linked to possible terrorist attacks or other security-related incidents within the scope of this Regulation;

(10) ‘Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism’ means the evaluation and monitoring mechanism laid down in Regulation (EU) No 1053/2013;

(11) ‘terrorism’ means any of the intentional acts and offences referred to in Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council ;

(12) ‘emergency situation’ means any security-related incident, newly emerging threat or newly detected vulnerability within the scope of this Regulation, which has or may have a significant adverse impact on the security of people, public spaces or critical infrastructure in one or more Member States;

(13) ‘flash money’ means genuine cash which is shown during a criminal investigation as proof of liquidity and solvency to suspects or to any other persons who have information about availability or delivery, or who act as intermediaries, in order to carry out a fictitious purchase for the purpose of arresting suspects, identifying illegal production sites or otherwise dismantling an organised crime group;

(14) ‘radicalisation’ means a phased and complex process leading to violent extremism and terrorism and in which an individual or a group of individuals embraces a radical ideology or belief that accepts, uses or condones violence, including acts of terrorism, to reach a specific political, religious or ideological goal;

(15) ‘specific actions’ means transnational or national projects that bring Union added value in accordance with the objectives of the Fund for which one, several or all Member States may receive an additional allocation to their programmes;

(16) ‘operating support’ means a part of a Member State’s allocation which may be used as support to the public authorities responsible for carrying out the tasks and providing the services which constitute a public service for the Union, insofar as they contribute to ensuring a high level of security in the Union;

(17) ‘Union actions’ means transnational projects or projects of particular interest to the Union implemented in accordance with the objectives of the Fund.