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Coordination and complementarity The Commission and the Member States concerned shall, in a manner commensurate to their respective responsibilities, foster synergies and ensure effective coordination between the Fund and the Union programmes and instruments referred to in Article 6(3) of this Regulation, and the Modernisation Fund under Article 10d of Directive 2003/87/EC. For that purpose, they shall:

(a) ensure complementarity, synergy, coherence and consistency among different instruments at Union, national and, where appropriate, local or regional levels, both in the planning phase and during implementation;

(b) optimise mechanisms for coordination to avoid duplication of effort; and (c) ensure close cooperation between those responsible for implementation and control at Union, national and, where appropriate, local or regional levels to achieve the objectives of the Fund.