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1. ACER shall adopt individual decisions on technical issues where those decisions are provided for in Regulation (EU) 2019/943, Regulation (EC) No 715/2009, Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Directive 2009/73/EC.

2. ACER may, in accordance with its work programme, at the request of the Commission or on its own initiative, make recommendations to assist regulatory authorities and market participants in sharing good practices.

3. By 5 July 2022, and every four years thereafter the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council on the independence of regulatory authorities pursuant to Article 57(7) of Directive (EU) 2019/944 and Article 76(6) of Directive (EU) 2024/1788.

4. ACER shall provide a framework within which the regulatory authorities can cooperate in order to ensure efficient decision-making on issues with cross-border relevance. It shall promote cooperation between the regulatory authorities and between regulatory authorities at regional and Union level and shall take into account the outcome of such cooperation when formulating its opinions, recommendations and decisions. Where ACER considers that binding rules on such cooperation are required, it shall make the appropriate recommendations to the Commission.

5. ACER shall provide a factual opinion at the request of one or more regulatory authorities or of the Commission, on whether a decision taken by a regulatory authority complies with the network codes and guidelines referred to in Regulation (EU) 2019/943, Regulation (EU) 2024/1789, Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Directive (EU) 2024/1788, with other relevant provisions of those regulations or directives, or with Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1938.

6. Where a regulatory authority does not comply with the opinion of ACER referred to in paragraph 5 within four months of the date of receipt, ACER shall inform the Commission and the Member State concerned accordingly.

7. Where, in a specific case, a regulatory authority encounters difficulties with the application of the network codes and guidelines referred to in Regulation (EU) 2019/943, Regulation (EC) No 715/2009, Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Directive 2009/73/EC it may request ACER to provide an opinion. ACER shall deliver its opinion, after consulting the Commission, within three months of the date of receipt of such a request.

————— 9. ACER shall submit opinions to the regulatory authority concerned and to the Commission pursuant to Article 8(1b) and Article 16(3) of Regulation (EU) 2019/943.

9a. ACER shall issue recommendations to transmission system operators, distribution system operators, hydrogen network operators and regulatory authorities, with regard to the methodologies for setting the inter-temporal cost allocation pursuant to Article 5(6), first subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2024/1789.

ACER may issue recommendations to transmission system operators, distribution system operators, hydrogen network operators and regulatory authorities, with regard to the regulatory asset bases pursuant to Article 5(6), third subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2024/1789.

9b. ACER may issue recommendations to regulatory authorities on the allocation of costs of solutions for restrictions to cross-border flows due to differences in gas quality pursuant to Article 21(11) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1789.

9c. ACER may issue recommendations to regulatory authorities on the allocation of costs of solutions for restrictions to cross-border flows due to differences in hydrogen quality pursuant to Article 55(8) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1789.

9d. ACER shall publish monitoring reports on congestion at interconnection points pursuant to point 2.2.1(2) of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2024/1789.

10. ACER shall be competent to adopt individual decisions on regulatory issues having effects on cross-border trade or cross-border system security which require a joint decision by at least two regulatory authorities, where such competences have been conferred on the regulatory authorities under one of the following legal acts:

(a) a legislative act of the Union adopted under the ordinary legislative procedure;

(b) network codes and guidelines referred to in Articles 59 to 61 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943 adopted before 4 July 2019 and subsequent revisions of those network codes and guidelines;

(c) network codes and guidelines referred to in Articles 59 to 61 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943 adopted as implementing acts pursuant to Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011;

(d) guidelines pursuant to Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2024/1789; or (e) network codes and guidelines referred to in Articles 71 to 74 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1789. ◄ ACER shall be competent to adopt individual decisions as specified in the first subparagraph in the following situations:

(a) where the competent regulatory authorities have not been able to reach an agreement within six months of referral of the case to the last of those regulatory authorities, or within four months with regard to cases under Article 4(7) of this Regulation or under Article 59(1), point (c), or Article 62(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Article 78(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2024/1788;

(b) on the basis of a joint request from the competent regulatory authorities. The competent regulatory authorities may jointly request that the period referred to in point (a) of the second subparagraph of this paragraph be extended by a period of up to six months, except with regard to cases under Article 4(7) of this Regulation or under Article 59(1), point (c), or Article 62(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Article 78(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2024/1788.

Where the competences to decide on cross-border issues referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph have been conferred on the regulatory authorities in new network codes or guidelines referred to in Articles 59 to 61 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943 adopted as delegated acts after 4 July 2019, ACER shall only be competent on a voluntary basis pursuant to point (b) of the second subparagraph of this paragraph, upon a request from at least 60 % of the competent regulatory authorities. Where only two regulatory authorities are involved, either one may refer the case to ACER. By 31 October 2023, and every three years thereafter, the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council on the possible need to further enhance ACER's involvement in solving cases of disagreement between regulatory authorities concerning joint decisions on matters for which the competences were conferred on those regulatory authorities by a delegated act after 4 July 2019. Where appropriate, the report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal to modify such powers or to transfer the necessary powers to ACER.

11. When preparing its decision pursuant to paragraph 10, ACER shall consult the regulatory authorities and transmission system operators concerned and shall be informed of the proposals and observations of all the transmission system operators concerned.

12. Where a case has been referred to ACER under paragraph 10, ACER:

(a) shall issue a decision within six months of the date of referral, or within four months thereof with regard to cases pursuant to Article 4(7) of this Regulation or Article (59)(1), point (c), or Article 62(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2019/944 or Article 78(1), point (f), of Directive (EU) 2024/1788; and (b) may, if necessary, provide an interim decision to ensure that security of supply or operational security is protected.

13. Where the regulatory issues referred to in paragraph 10 include exemptions within the meaning of Article 63 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943, or Article 36 of Directive 2009/73/EC, the deadlines provided for in this Regulation shall not be cumulative with the deadlines provided for in those provisions.