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1. User charges shall be proportionate to the duration of the use made of the infrastructure.

2. If user charges are applied in respect of heavy-duty vehicles, the use of the infrastructure shall be made available for at least the following periods: a day, a week, a month, and a year. The monthly rate shall not exceed 10 % of the annual rate, the weekly rate shall not exceed 5 % of the annual rate and the daily rate shall not exceed 2 % of the annual rate. A Member State may decide that for vehicles registered in that Member State only annual rates shall apply. Member States shall set user charges, including administrative costs, for all heavy-duty vehicles, at a level that does not exceed the maximum rates laid down in Annex II.

3. If user charges are applied in respect of passenger cars, the use of the infrastructure shall be made available at least for the following periods: a day, a week or 10 days or both, a month or two months or both, and a year. The two-monthly rate shall not exceed 30 % of the annual rate, the monthly rate shall not exceed 19 % of the annual rate, the 10-day rate shall not exceed 12 % of the annual rate, the weekly rate shall not exceed 11 % of the annual rate and the daily rate shall not exceed 9 % of the annual rate. Member States may limit the daily user charge for transit purposes only. Member States may also make the use of the infrastructure available for other periods of time. In such cases, Member States shall apply rates in accordance with the principle of equal treatment between users, taking into account all relevant factors, in particular the annual rate and the rates applied for the other periods referred to in the first subparagraph, existing use patterns and administrative costs.

In respect of user charge schemes adopted before 24 March 2022, Member States may maintain rates above the limits set out in the first subparagraph, provided that they were in force before that date, and may maintain corresponding higher rates for other periods of use, in compliance with the principle of equal treatment. However, they shall comply with the limits set out in the first subparagraph as well as with the third subparagraph as soon as substantially amended charging arrangements enter into force and, at the latest, by 25 March 2030. ◄ 4. For minibuses and light commercial vehicles, Member States shall comply with either paragraph 2 or 3. Where Member States set different user charges for light commercial vehicles than for passenger cars, they shall set higher user charge rates for light commercial vehicles than for passenger cars.

5. By 25 March 2027, the Commission shall assess the technical and legal feasibility of differentiating the treatment of different light commercial vehicles based on whether or not the light commercial vehicle concerned is equipped with a tachograph. Based on that assessment, the Commission shall, where appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to amend this Directive accordingly.