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1. A redress measure shall require a trader to provide consumers concerned with remedies such as compensation, repair, replacement, price reduction, contract termination or reimbursement of the price paid, as appropriate and as available under Union or national law.

2. Member States shall lay down rules on how and at which stage of a representative action for redress measures the individual consumers concerned by that representative action explicitly or tacitly express their wish within an appropriate time limit after that representative action has been brought, to be represented or not by the qualified entity in that representative action and to be bound or not by the outcome of the representative action.

3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, Member States shall ensure that individual consumers who are not habitually resident in the Member State of the court or administrative authority before which a representative action has been brought have to explicitly express their wish to be represented in that representative action in order for those consumers to be bound by the outcome of that representative action.

4. Member States shall lay down rules to ensure that consumers who have explicitly or tacitly expressed their wish to be represented in a representative action can neither be represented in other representative actions with the same cause of action and against the same trader, nor be able to bring an action individually with the same cause of action and against the same trader. Member States shall also lay down rules to ensure that consumers do not receive compensation more than once for the same cause of action against the same trader.

5. Where a redress measure does not specify individual consumers entitled to benefit from remedies provided by the redress measure, it shall at least describe the group of consumers entitled to benefit from those remedies.

6. Member States shall ensure that a redress measure entitles consumers to benefit from the remedies provided by that redress measure without the need to bring a separate action.

7. Member States shall lay down or retain rules on time limits for individual consumers to benefit from redress measures. Member States may lay down rules on the destination of any outstanding redress funds that are not recovered within the established time limits.

8. Member States shall ensure that qualified entities are able to bring representative actions for a redress measure without it being necessary for a court or administrative authority to have previously established an infringement as referred to in Article 2(1) in separate proceedings.

9. The remedies provided by redress measures within a representative action shall be without prejudice to any additional remedies available to consumers under Union or national law which were not the subject of that representative action.