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This Directive shall not prevent the non-discriminatory application by Member States of:

(a) specific taxes or charges:

— levied upon registration of the vehicle, or — imposed on vehicles or loads of abnormal weights or dimensions;

(b) parking fees and specific urban traffic charges. ◄ 1a. This Directive shall not prevent Member States from applying:

(a) regulatory charges specifically designed to reduce traffic congestion or combat environmental impacts, including poor air quality, on any roads located in an urban area, including trans-European network roads crossing urban areas;

(b) charges specifically designed to finance the construction, operation, maintenance and development of installations, embedded in or deployed along or over roads, providing energy to low- and zero-emission vehicles in motion and levied on such vehicles. Those charges shall be applied on a non-discriminatory basis.

2. Member States shall determine the use of revenues generated by this Directive. To enable the transport network to be developed as a whole, revenues generated from infrastructure and external costs charges, or the equivalent in financial value of these revenues, should be used to benefit the transport sector, and optimise the entire transport system. In particular, revenues generated from external cost charges, or the equivalent in financial value of these revenues, should be used to make transport more sustainable, including one or more of the following:

(a) facilitating efficient pricing;

(b) reducing road transport pollution at source;

(c) mitigating the effects of road transport pollution at source;

(d) improving the CO2 and energy performance of vehicles;

(e) developing alternative infrastructure for transport users and/or expanding current capacity;

(f) supporting the trans-European transport network;

(g) optimising logistics;

(h) improving road safety; and (i) providing secure parking places.

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