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1. Member States shall withdraw or, where applicable, refuse to renew an authorisation where:

(a) the third-country national no longer meets the general conditions laid down in Article 7, except for Article 7(6), or the relevant specific conditions laid down in Articles 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 or the conditions laid down in Article 18;

(b) the authorisation or the documents presented have been fraudulently acquired, or falsified, or tampered with;

(c) the Member State concerned only allows admission through an approved host entity and the host entity is not approved;

(d) the third-country national is residing for purposes other than those for which the third-country national was authorised to reside.

2. Member States may withdraw or refuse to renew an authorisation where:

(a) the host entity, another body as referred to in point (a) of Article 14(1), a third party as referred to in point (d) of Article 12(1), the host family or the organisation mediating au pairs has failed to meet its legal obligations regarding social security, taxation, labour rights or working conditions;

(b) where applicable, the terms of employment as provided for in national law or collective agreements or practices in the Member State concerned are not met by the host entity or host family employing the third-country national;

(c) the host entity, another body as referred to in point (a) of Article 14(1), a third party as referred to in point (d) of Article 12(1), the host family or the organisation mediating au pairs has been sanctioned in accordance with national law for undeclared work or illegal employment;

(d) the host entity was established or operates for the main purpose of facilitating the entry of third-country nationals falling under the scope of this Directive;

(e) where applicable, the host entity's business is being or has been wound up under national insolvency laws or no economic activity is taking place;

(f) with regard to students, the time limits imposed on access to economic activities under Article 24 are not respected or a student does not make sufficient progress in the relevant studies in accordance with national law or administrative practice.

3. In the event of withdrawal, when assessing the lack of progress in the relevant studies, as referred to in point (f) of paragraph 2, a Member State may consult with the host entity.

4. Member States may withdraw or refuse to renew an authorisation for reasons of public policy, public security or public health.

5. Where a third-country national applies for renewal of the authorisation to enter into or continue to be in an employment relationship in a Member State, with the exception of a researcher who continues the employment relationship with the same host entity, that Member State may verify whether the post in question could be filled by nationals of that Member State or by other Union citizens, or by third-country nationals who are long-term residents in that Member State, in which case they may refuse to renew the authorisation. This paragraph shall apply without prejudice to the principle of preference for Union citizens as expressed in the relevant provisions of the relevant Acts of Accession.

6. Where a Member State intends to withdraw or not renew the authorisation of a student in accordance with points (a), (c), (d) or (e) of paragraph 2, the student shall be allowed to submit an application to be hosted by a different higher education institution for an equivalent course of study in order to enable the completion of the studies. The student shall be allowed to stay on the territory of the Member State concerned until the competent authorities have taken a decision on the application.

7. Without prejudice to paragraph 1, any decision to withdraw or refuse to renew an authorisation shall take account of the specific circumstances of the case and respect the principle of proportionality.