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1. Within the specific objective set out in point (a) of Article 3(2), the Instrument shall in particular support the following:

(a) infrastructure, buildings, systems and services required at border crossing points and for border surveillance between border crossing points;

(b) operating equipment, including means of transport and ICT systems, required for effective and secure border control at border crossing points and for border surveillance, in accordance with standards developed by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, where such standards exist;

(c) training in the field of, or contributing to the development of, European integrated border management, taking into account operational needs and risk analyses, including challenges identified in the recommendations referred to in Article 13(7), and full compliance with fundamental rights;

(d) the joint deployment of immigration liaison officers to third countries in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1240 of the European Parliament and of the Council and secondments of border guards and other relevant experts to Member States or from a Member State to a third country, reinforcement of cooperation and operational capacity of networks of experts or liaison officers, and the exchange of best practices and boosting the capacity of European networks to assess, promote, support and develop Union policies;

(e) the exchange of best practices and expertise, studies, pilot projects, and other relevant actions aiming to implement or develop European integrated border management, including measures aiming to develop the European Border and Coast Guard, such as common capacity building, joint procurement, establishment of common standards and other measures streamlining the cooperation and coordination between the European Border and Coast Guard Agency and Member States, and measures related to the referral of vulnerable persons in need of assistance and persons who are in need of, or who wish to apply for, international protection;

(f) actions developing innovative methods or deploying new technologies with a potential for transferability to other Member States, in particular deploying the results of security research projects where such deployment has been identified by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, acting under Article 66 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1896, as contributing to the development of operational capabilities of the European Border and Coast Guard;

(g) preparatory, monitoring, administrative and technical activities required to implement external border policies, including to strengthen the governance of the Schengen area by developing and implementing the evaluation mechanism, established by Regulation (EU) No 1053/2013 to verify the application of the Schengen acquis and Regulation (EU) 2016/399, including mission expenditure for experts of the Commission and the Member States participating in on-site visits and measures to implement recommendations issued following vulnerability assessments carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1896;

(h) actions to enhance the quality of data stored in ICT systems and to improve the exercise of a data subject’s rights to information, access to, and rectification and erasure of, his or her personal data, and to the restriction of the processing thereof;

(i) identification, fingerprinting, registration, security checks, debriefing, provision of information, medical and vulnerability screening and, where necessary, medical care and referral of third country nationals to the appropriate procedure at the external borders;

(j) actions that aim to enhance awareness of external border policies among stakeholders and the general public, including corporate communication of the political priorities of the Union;

(k) the development of statistical tools, methods and indicators that respect the principle of non-discrimination;

(l) operating support for the implementation of European integrated border management.

2. Within the specific objective set out in point (b) of Article 3(2), the Instrument shall in particular support the following:

(a) infrastructure and buildings required for the processing of visa applications and consular cooperation, including security measures, and other actions that aim to improve the quality of service for visa applicants;

(b) operating equipment and ICT systems required for the processing of visa applications and consular cooperation;

(c) training of consular and other staff contributing to the common visa policy and consular cooperation;

(d) the exchange of best practices and the exchange of experts, including the secondment of experts, as well as boosting the capacity of European networks to assess, promote, support and further develop Union policies and objectives;

(e) studies, pilot projects and other relevant actions, such as actions that aim to improve knowledge through analyses, monitoring and evaluation;

(f) actions developing innovative methods or deploying new technologies with a potential for transferability to other Member States, especially projects that aim to test and validate the outcome of Union-funded research projects;

(g) preparatory, monitoring, administrative and technical activities, including to strengthen the governance of the Schengen area by developing and implementing the evaluation mechanism as established by Regulation (EU) No 1053/2013 to verify the application of the Schengen acquis, including mission expenditure for experts of the Commission and the Member States participating in on-site visits;

(h) activities to raise awareness among stakeholders and the general public regarding visa policies, including corporate communication of the political priorities of the Union;

(i) the development of statistical tools, methods and indicators that respect the principle of non-discrimination;

(j) operating support for the implementation of the common visa policy;

(k) support to Member States in issuing visas, including visas with limited territorial validity, as referred to in Article 25 of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009, issued on humanitarian grounds, for reasons of national interest or because of international obligations.

3. Within the policy objective set out in Article 3(1), the Instrument shall in particular support the following:

(a) infrastructure and buildings required for the hosting of large-scale IT systems and associated communication infrastructure components;

(b) equipment and communication systems necessary to ensure the proper functioning of large-scale IT systems;

(c) training and communication activities in relation to large-scale IT systems;

(d) the development and upgrading of large-scale IT systems;

(e) studies, proof of concepts, pilot projects and other relevant actions related to the implementation of large-scale IT systems, including their interoperability;

(f) actions developing innovative methods or deploying new technologies with a potential for transferability to other Member States, especially projects that aim to test and validate the outcome of Union-funded research projects;

(g) the development of statistical tools, methods and indicators for large-scale IT systems in the field of visa policy and borders that respect the principle of non-discrimination;

(h) actions to enhance the quality of data stored in ICT systems and improve the exercise of a data subject’s rights to information, access to, rectification and erasure of, his or her personal data, and to the restriction of the processing thereof;

(i) operating support for the implementation of large-scale IT systems.