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1. For the calculation of the background level Member States shall provide information on historic levels of emissions caused by natural disturbances. In doing this, Member States shall:

(a) provide information on the type(s) of natural disturbance included in the estimation;

(b) include total annual emissions estimations for those natural disturbance types for the period 1990-2009, listed by activities referred to in Article 3(1);

(c) demonstrate that time series consistency is guaranteed in all relevant parameters, including minimum area, emission estimation methodologies, coverages of pools and gases.

2. The background level shall be calculated for those activities listed in Article 3(1), where the Member State intends to apply the Natural Disturbances provisions, as the average of the 1990-2009 time series excluding all years where abnormal levels of emissions were recorded, i.e. excluding all statistical outliers. The identification of statistical outliers shall be made following an iterative process described as follows:

(a) calculate the arithmetic average value and the standard deviation of the full time series 1990-2009;

(b) exclude from the time series all years where the annual emissions are outside twice the standard deviation around the average;

(c) calculate again the arithmetic average value and the standard deviation of the time series 1990-2009 minus the years excluded in (b);

(d) repeat (b) and (c) until no outliers can be identified.