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1. Member States shall ensure that officials likely to come into contact with victims, such as police officers and court staff, receive both general and specialist training and targeted information to a level appropriate to their contact with victims in order to enable them to identify, prevent and address instances of violence against women or domestic violence and to treat victims in a trauma-, gender- and child-sensitive manner.

2. Member States shall promote or offer training to healthcare professionals, social services and educational staff likely to come into contact with victims in order to enable them to identify instances of violence against women or domestic violence and to direct victims to specialist support services.

3. Without prejudice to judicial independence and differences in the organisation of the judiciary across the Union, Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that both general and specialist training is provided for judges and prosecutors involved in criminal proceedings and investigations with respect to the objectives of this Directive and appropriate to the functions of those judges and prosecutors. Such training shall be human-rights based, victim centred and gender, disability and child sensitive.

4. Without prejudice to the independence of the legal profession, Member States shall recommend that those responsible for the training of lawyers make available both general and specialist training to increase the awareness of lawyers of the needs of victims and to treat victims in a trauma-, gender- and child-sensitive manner.

5. Relevant health professionals, including paediatricians, gynaecologists, obstetricians, midwives and healthcare staff involved in psychological support, shall receive targeted training to identify and address, in a culturally sensitive manner, the physical, psychological and sexual consequences of female genital mutilation.

6. Persons with supervisory functions in the workplace, in both the public and private sectors, shall receive training on how to recognise, prevent and address sexual harassment at work, where it constitutes a criminal offence under national law. Those persons and employers shall receive information about the effects of violence against women and domestic violence on work and the risk of third-party violence.

7. The training activities referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall include training on coordinated multi-disciplinary cooperation to allow for a comprehensive and appropriate handling of referrals in cases of violence against women or domestic violence.

8. Without affecting the freedom and pluralism of the media, Member States shall encourage and support the setting up of media training activities by organisations of media professionals, media self-regulatory bodies and industry representatives or other relevant independent organisations to combat stereotypical portrayals of women and men, sexist images of women, and victim-blaming in the media, aiming to reduce the risk of violence against women or domestic violence. Training activities as referred to in the first subparagraph may be provided by relevant civil society organisations, non-governmental organisations working with victims, the social partners and other stakeholders.

9. Member States shall ensure that the authorities competent for receiving reports of offences from victims are appropriately trained to facilitate and assist in the reporting of such offences and to avoid secondary victimisation.

10. Training activities as referred to in paragraphs 1 to 5 of this Article shall be complemented by appropriate follow up, including on the cybercrimes referred to in Articles 5 to 8, and built on the specificities of violence against women and domestic violence. Such training activities may include training on how to identify and address the specific protection and support needs of victims who face a heightened risk of violence due to their experiencing intersectional discrimination.

11. The measures under paragraphs 1 to 9 shall be implemented without prejudice to judicial independence, the self-organisation of regulated professions and differences in the organisation of the judiciary across the Union.